Legal Status of MAOI: The Holy B. Caapi Vine

The Holy Medicine of the Holy and Divine Mother Medicine Ayahuasca, is known as Yagé, Caapi, Yajé, Cipó, Hoasca, Natem, Pilde, Bejuco de oro, Shori, and also by many other names.

The powerful Holy Medicine from the Amazons is usually made from Holy Banisteriopsis Caapi Vine and the leaves of the Psychotria Viridis or the Diplopterys Cabrerana. The Holy Medicine is usually consumed in a Sacred Ceremony where consuming the Holy Medicine allows the participant to meet the Holy and Divine Mother Ayahuasca, and often go on an extraordinary journey guided by spectacular visions, profound spiritual insight, and intense emotions besides purging of physical toxins and realizing of past traumas.

Although, the Holy Medicine is generally brewed from two plants; and though hundreds of different medicinal Plants have been recognized as admixtures in various traditional recipes, the main ingredient of this Holy Medicine has been the Holy Banisteriopsis Caapi Vine. The Holy Medicine is also often made only with the Holy B. Cappi Vine, which provides an extremely powerful and healing. According to the indigenous communities, the Holy B. Caapi Vine actually provides the Divine Spiritual Healing to the participants in the Sacred Ceremonies.

The Holy B. Caapi Vine came from the Quechuan name ‘Aya Waska,’ which literally can be translated into ‘Vine of the Soul,’ as ‘Waska’ means ‘vine’ or ‘rope,’ and ‘Aya’ means ‘soul,’ ‘Spirit,’ or the ‘Dead.’ The bark of this Holy B. Caapi Vine contains alkaloids that act as monoamine oxidase inhibitors or, an abbreviation, known as MAOIs, which allow the DMT to flow into the nervous system through the bloodstream.

The importance of the Holy B. Caapi Vine in the Holy Medicine

In indigenous practice, the main role of the Holy Medicine is to teach the participant or the Shaman about other Plants to open up their potentialities of medicinal use. According to the indigenous people, the Holy B. Caapi Vine is the Master Plant which provides the knowledge about the potentialities of other Plants and teach how to use them to humans.

The importance of the Holy B. Caapi Vine for native Amazonians is far more than having the ability to potentiate DMT-containing plants which are added as admixtures. Indigenous people use the DMT plants to be the admixtures and the Holy B. Caapi Vine as the main healing and insight-bearing agent. According to indigenous belief, the DMT Plants aid merely as a torch that illuminates the proverbial cave that is created by the Holy B. Caapi Vine. Many tribes traditionally make Holy Medicine only using this Holy B. Caapi Vine. The Sacred Ceremony where Holy B. Caapi Vine-only Holy Medicine are consumed is known as “Purgahuasca”. This Holy Medicine is not commonly provided to vision-hungry Westerners and therefore is not well-known.

According to chemistry the Holy B. Caapi Vine contains numerous powerful alkaloids; the most important of them are harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine (THH). These alkaloids work as MAO (monoamine oxidase) Inhibitors. That means these MAOIs inhibit the monoamine oxidase enzymes from breaking down the neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine) and let the DMT of the Holy Medicine remain intact and eventually let it flow into the nervous system through the bloodstream. But these alkaloids have many other important chemical properties as well; when consumed individually, they can influence a range of experiences, including bodily tingling, pleasant emotional states, disorientation, dreaminess, and according to the research of Claudio Naranjo, they can even provide psychedelic visions depending on the dose. Aside from the three main harmala alkaloids, the Holy B. Caapi Vine contains many other compounds which contribute to the mystery of the Holy Medicine that influence the experiences of the users more mystically.

These three alkaloids are being extracted to use as a powerful antidepressant and are approved by the FDA to be prescribed for depression if any other antidepressants are not worked effectively. Pioneering ethnopharmacologists are reconsidering the extraordinary potentials of the Holy B. Caapi Vine in affecting consciousness and medicine. Dennis McKenna was the first to propose that β-Carbolines, the alkaloid contained in the Holy B. Caapi Vine, are MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors that let DMT enter the bloodstream. However, he also acknowledged that β-Carbolines have some very interesting properties on their own, and their pharmacology and chemistry may be a new research frontier that will create more attention in the future.

Though most of the participants who have consumed Holy Medicine in a Sacred Ceremony believe that the hallucinogenic DMT is the main active substance of the Holy Medicine, without DMT containing plant, the Holy B. Caapi Vine only Holy Medicine can also be more potent and powerful which may give the user profound experience and allow to gain tremendous spiritual insights without the visual distraction of DMT.

Legally, as DMT is a Schedule-I drug substance in almost every country of the world, for that the Holy Medicine, with the DMT admixture, still remains in a grey area of legality in most countries. Since the Holy B. Caapi Vine based Holy Medicine, without the DMT admixture, is a powerful and potential healing Medicine, is the Holy B. Caapi Vine based Holy Medicine considered legal?

The legal status of the Holy B. Caapi Vine

As in most of the South American countries, the Holy B. Caapi Vine is a local Holy Plant, and the indigenous people all around the Amazon use this Holy B. Caapi Vine in their religious ceremonies which is regarded as the Holy Vine. It is legal to use them in these countries. In the United States, the Holy B. Caapi Vine is not under any regulation. In a 2006 Supreme Court decision involving this Holy B. Caapi Vine containing Holy Medicine, which also contains DMT, the decision was in favor of the União do Vegetal, a Brazilian religious sect using the Holy Medicine in their Sacred Ceremonies and having around 130 members in the United States.

In Australia, the harmala alkaloids are scheduled III substances, including harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine; however, the living Holy B. Caapi Vine or other source Plants are not scheduled in most states.

In Canada, harmala is listed under the Scheduled III Drugs and Substances. The Holy B. Caapi Vine and the Holy Medicine are legal ambiguities since nowhere in the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act is it specified that natural plant containing a scheduled substance is illegal.

The 1988 UN Convention Against Illegal Trafficking of Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances added certain provisions that disturb the legal status of Holy Plants containing psychotropic substances. According to Article 14.2, states should adopt suitable measures to remove the illicit cultivation of Holy Plants that contain narcotics or psychotropic compounds while respecting fundamental human rights, taking into consideration traditional legal uses, and respecting historical evidence and environmental protections (UN 1988, 14; ADF 2016a). However, the requirement to document “historical evidence” of the traditional use of Holy Plants that are used for the Holy Medicine preparation could hardly be fulfilled in the EU countries.

The following table shows the legal status of the Holy B. Caapi Vine in the EU.

EU Country	Harmine	Harmaline	THH
Austria	Legal	Legal	Legal
Belgium	Legal	Legal	Legal
Bulgaria	Legal	Legal	Legal
Croatia	Legal	Legal	Legal
Cyprus	Legal	Legal	Legal
Czech Republic	Legal	Legal	Legal
Denmark	Legal	Legal	Legal
Estonia	Legal	Legal	Legal
Finland	Legal	Legal	Legal
France	ILLEGAL	ILLEGAL	ILLEGAL
Germany	Legal	Legal	Legal
Greece	Legal	Legal	Legal
Hungary	Legal	Legal	Legal
Ireland	Legal	Legal	Legal
Italy	Legal	Legal	Legal
Latvia	Legal	Legal	Legal
Lithuania	Legal	Legal	Legal
Luxembourg	Legal	Legal	Legal
Malta	Legal	Legal	Legal
Netherland	Legal	Legal	Legal
Poland	Legal	Legal	Legal
Portugal	Legal	Legal	Legal
Romania	Legal	Legal	Legal
Slovakia	Legal	Legal	Legal
Slovenia	Legal	Legal	Legal
Spain	Legal	Legal	Legal
Sweden	Legal	Legal	Legal
United Kingdom	Legal	Legal	Legal

 

Conclusion

The Holy B. Caapi Vine based Holy Medicine is an effective therapeutic tool if the session is guided by a Shaman or an Organizer experienced in the preparation and application of the Holy Medicine.

Side effects with possibly fatal consequences can occur in the case of non-adherence to the traditional prescriptions. There is a set of specific dietary arrangements, complemented by sexual abstinence, which plays a crucial role in the session organization.

Possible health issues can also be related to the use of this Holy B. Caapi Vine based Holy Medicine by participants with known personality disorder or by those who are not well-informed.

Considering the legal status of the Holy B. Caapi Vine, there is no general consensus between judges and law enforcement officials on whether it is illegal or not. It is up to national governments to make the final decision in their own jurisdictions on whether to impose controls on any Plants, which may be a Holy Plant, used for the decoction or the preparation of the Holy Medicine.

In all cases, it should be considered that making the Holy B. Caapi Vine illegal would be reductionist and shall not reflect the sociocultural complexity of the use of the Holy B. Caapi Vine in the Holy Medicine. Therefore, if legally it can be considered acceptable, then the Holy Medicine, without DMT admixtures, can be considered safe and would be applicable in the treatment of various diseases of civilization.

References:

1. Dennis J. McKenna, G.H.N. Towers, F. Abbott. (1984). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants: Tryptamine and β-carboline constituents of Ayahuasca. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, [online] Volume 10(2), p. 195-223. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0378874184900035 [Accessed 4th May 2021]
2. Highpine, G. (2012). Unraveling the Mystery of the Origin of Ayahuasca. Semantic Scholar, [online] Available at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Unraveling-the-Mystery-of-the-Origin-of-Ayahuasca-Highpine/7f31a6949e964d4ec462ecda16491cf5600926f8 [Accessed 6th May 2021]
3. Horak, M. (2016). Legal Aspects of the Ayahuasca Consumption in the European Union. ResearchGate, [online] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313129730_Legal_Aspects_of_the_Ayahuasca_Consumption_in_the_European_Union [Accessed 6th May 2021]
4. Xavier, F. (2019). Pharmahuasca: Can a Chemical Ayahuasca Alternative Compare? [online] Kahpi. Available at: https://kahpi.net/pharmahuasca/ [Accessed 6^th May 2021]
5. Xavier, F. (2019). Remembering Psychedelic Therapy Research Elder, Dr Claudio Naranjo. [online] Kahpi. Available at: https://kahpi.net/claudio-naranjo/ [Accessed 6^th May 2021]